• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
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  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention describes a device (1) for obtaining fibers of nanometric or micrometric diameter, which essentially comprises a bark connector (2), a tube (3) for injection of bark material which is pressed into the connector (2)) of bark, and a main support (4) to which the bark material injection tube (3) is coupled, so that by simultaneously injecting a bark material through a transverse through hole (22) of the connector (2) of the shell and a gas under pressure through a gas supply conduit (42) of the main support (4), single component fibers of micron or nanometric size are generated. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the device (1) further comprises a connector (5) and an additional tube (6) that allow the generation of multi-component fibers according to different structures. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2752882A1
    申请号:ES201830965
    申请日:2018-10-05
    公开日:2020-04-06
    发明作者:Herrera José Ernesto Dominguez；Diaz Jorge Teno；Benito Francisco Javier Gonzalez
    申请人:Universidad Carlos III de Madrid；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001]
    [0002] Device for obtaining nanometer or micrometer diameter fibers
    [0003]
    [0004] OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
    [0005]
    [0006] The object of the present invention is a new device designed for the manufacture of fibers of micrometric or nanometric scale. Furthermore, a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention allows choosing between single or multi-component fibers with different structuring.
    [0007]
    [0008] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [0009]
    [0010] A fiber is a natural or artificial element that is significantly longer than it is wide. Fibers have always existed in nature, for example, in the texture in some minerals, small roots in plants, foods of a fibrous nature, hair in animals, fibrous wood, etc. Fibers have specific functions in each situation given by their intrinsic properties, their morphology and dimensions.
    [0011]
    [0012] Currently there are various equipment and methods for obtaining non-woven fibers. These include the so-called "melt spinning" (described in US patent US8277711B2), "air blowing" (described in US patent US3319354A), "forcespinning" (described in US patent application US20160168756A1) and "electrospinning" ( described in US patent US6641773B2). In particular, "electrospinning" has been studied extensively, many modifications being made in order to obtain better or even different results. However, although the homogeneity in morphological terms of the fibers used is high, the use of high voltages for the Production of materials as well as obtaining little material per unit of time implies that electrospinning has high energy consumption, making it difficult to implement the process on an industrial scale, therefore limiting its use to studies with fundamentally scientific objectives carried out in centers of research that has the necessary resources for such purposes It is necessary to highlight that the studies carried out in the case of electrospinning have allowed great advances in terms of preparation of the initial mixtures precursors of the final material, that is, composition and conditions of preparation of solutions .
    [0013] However, the limitations indicated above led to the appearance of other methods such as the one known as “solution blow spinning”. In the fiber preparation method called "solution blow spinning" (SBS, Solution Blow Spinning), an injector consisting of a syringe is used to supply the polymer solution to a nozzle with an inlet for the solution and another for a controlled pressurized gas by a pressure valve. The nozzle is concentric and consists of two lines, one central, through which the polymeric solution flows and another concentric to the previous one through which the pressurized gas is passed. The thrust exerted by the pressurized gas disperses the solution in such a way that, during its flight time, through a complex mechanism in which the solvent evaporation process plays a main role, polymer-based filaments are formed. From the time it leaves the nozzle until it is collected in a rotating collector, the material travels a length called the working distance. This method is described in LHCMES Medeiros, GM Glenn, AP Klamczynski, WJ Orts, “ Solution blow spinning: a new method to produce micro- and nanofibers from polymer Solutions ”, J. Appl. Sci. 113 (2009) 2322-2330. doi: 10.1002 / app.30275; or ES Medeiros patent, GM Glenn, AP Klamczynski, WJ Orts, LHC Mattoso, " Solution Blow Spinning ", US 8,641,960 B1, 2014.
    [0014]
    [0015] The mouthpiece is one of the most important elements of the SBS method. It is based on the principle of the Taylor cone to create a spherical meniscus at the end of the inner tube, from which a liquid filament is emitted which is accelerated by the pressurized gas. Immediately after the nozzle exits, the solvent evaporates throughout the material's flight time or working distance, impacting the material on the collector where it is finally stored or collected. This is described in the publication by AL Yarin, S. Koombhongse, and DH Reneker, " Taylor cone and jetting from liquid droplets in electrospinning of nanofibers ," J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 90, no. 9, pp. 4836-4846, 2001; or in the publication by JE Oliveira, LHC Mattoso, WJ Orts, and ES Medeiros, “ Structural and morphological characterization of micro and nanofibers produced by electrospinning and solution blow spinning: A comparative study ” Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng., Vol. 2013, Article ID 409572.
    [0016]
    [0017] SBS has been widely used encompassing the preparation of various polymers using different solvents. So far, most studies have focused on changing process conditions and solution preparation. For example, an attempt has been made to control the final morphology of the prepared materials according to the concentration of the solution, viscosity and molecular mass of the polymer to be dissolved, parameters that are closely related to each other. Regarding the process conditions, the working distance, the injection speed, the propellant gas pressure and the working distance have been considered, among others. However, the system parameters such as the diameter of the nozzle, its geometry and the geometry of the collector are factors that have not been taken into account to date, since generally, varying these parameters would imply modifying the equipment itself, making studies between other things for the increase in work time and associated cost.
    [0018]
    [0019] The production of fibers has not only been carried out in a simple way with a certain polymer. Studies have also been carried out to produce composite and fiber-like materials of the cortex-nucleus type, trying to improve the intrinsic properties of the fibers themselves, also looking for other types of functions. Most of these fibers have been produced by electrospinning using a coaxial nozzle. In very few studies, something has been attempted through solution blow spinning, however, despite having obtained fibers with different structures, for example of the “core-shell”, “side and side” or “islands in the sea” type in all cases the parameters associated with the system or the processing conditions are extremely difficult to control.
    [0020]
    [0021] DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    [0022]
    [0023] The present invention is directed to a device based on the "solution blow spinning" method that improves current equipment capable of producing fibers with diameters ranging from a few micrometers to tens of nanometers. This device would not only be able to produce conventional polymer fibers but also nanocomposites from suspensions with different types of nanoparticles, and may or may not be structured in the form of concentric systems in which the internal part would be formed by a polymer or mixture and the external part by another or another mixture of polymers; In all cases, different types of particles can also be added. The new system allows to easily control the parameters and conditions for processing or obtaining fibers.
    [0024]
    [0025] Throughout this document, the terms "front", "rear" and the like refer to the main direction of injection of the shell or core material throughout the device. Thus, the front portion of an element will be that portion closest to the end of said conduits through which the respective bark or core materials are discharged, while the rear portion of the element will be that portion closest to the end of the conduits through which the respective shell or core materials are introduced.
    [0026]
    [0027] On the other hand, the size of the different elements that make up the device of the invention, such as the length or diameter of the different tubes and conduits, is similar to that usually used in conventional devices for forming micrometric or nanometric fibers. Information about such sizes can be found in several of the prior art documents mentioned in this document.
    [0028]
    [0029] The present invention is directed to a device for obtaining fibers of nanometric or micrometric diameter, which, in its simplest version, basically comprises a bark connector, a bark material injection tube, and a main support. Each of these elements is described in more detail below.
    [0030]
    [0031] a) Bark connector
    [0032]
    [0033] The bark connector is a part comprising a longitudinal through hole and a transverse through hole that communicates the longitudinal through hole with the exterior of said bark connector for feeding a bark material.
    [0034]
    [0035] The longitudinal through hole is designed to allow the pressurized introduction of the crust material injection tube, whereby it has at least one cylindrical front portion whose diameter is essentially equal to the diameter of the crust material injection tube. This is described in more detail later in this document.
    [0036]
    [0037] The outer surface of the shell connector may in principle be of any shape, although it preferably takes an essentially conical configuration. As for the material from which it is made, the shell connector can be made of any metallic or plastic material as long as it has sufficient mechanical resistance and that it withstands contact with the solvents normally used in the process.
    [0038]
    [0039] b) Bark material injection tube
    [0040]
    [0041] The bark material injection tube is configured to be inserted into pressure through the aforementioned cylindrical front portion of the longitudinal through hole of the bark connector. For this, the outside diameter of the shell material injection tube and the inside diameter of the cylindrical front portion of the through longitudinal hole of the shell connector are essentially the same. Thus, a front portion of said shell material injection tube protrudes through a front end of said shell connector.
    [0042]
    [0043] This configuration in which the shell material injection tube is press-fit through the cylindrical front portion of the longitudinal through hole of the shell connector is advantageous in that it allows the shell material injection tube to be moved longitudinally forward or backward , so that it is possible to select the length that said bark material injection tube protrudes from the front end of the bark connector. This is of importance in configuring the fiber injection device as a whole, where the length of the bark injection tube protruding relative to the gas injection or other core material ducts has an impact on the how fibers are formed. Therefore, being able to move the bark injection tube longitudinally forward or backward gives the device of the invention greater versatility regarding the characteristics of the fibers created.
    [0044]
    [0045] On the other hand, note that, although in this document the bark material injection tube is generally described as a separate element from the bark connector, it would be possible to conceive of a bark connector provided with a bark material injection tube so that both form a single piece. The operation of the device would be the same, with the exception that the versatility in terms of the length that the bark injection tube protrudes beyond the front end of the bark connector would be lost.
    [0046]
    [0047] c) Main support
    [0048]
    [0049] The main support comprises a through hole having a cylindrical front portion and a cylindrical rear portion coaxial with the cylindrical front portion, the diameter of the cylindrical front portion being greater than the diameter of the cylindrical rear portion. Furthermore, the cylindrical rear portion of the through hole is configured to press-fit the front portion of the shell material injection tube protruding from the front end of the shell connector.
    [0050] That is, the inside diameter of the cylindrical rear portion of the through hole of the main support and the outside diameter of the bark tube are essentially the same, so that the bark tube can be pressed through the said through hole of the main support a desired distance and is fixed in that position.
    [0051]
    [0052] The main support also comprises a gas supply conduit in communication with the cylindrical front portion of the through hole. Typically, the gas supply line is vertically oriented along the vertical support and connects to the cylindrical front portion of the through hole. Thus, when a gas under pressure, such as air, helium, neon, or the like, is injected through an inlet of the gas supply line, said gas passes through the gas supply line, it passes to the portion cylindrical front of the through hole of the main support, and exits through the front end of said through hole.
    [0053]
    [0054] Typically, the gas supply line comprises a coupling mouth configured for attachment of a gas supply hose.
    [0055]
    [0056] Thus, when the shell connector is attached to the main support by press-fitting the portion of the shell material injection tube protruding from the shell connector into the cylindrical rear portion of the through hole of the main support, the end The front of the bark material injection tube is coaxial with the cylindrical front portion of the through hole of the main bracket. This configuration allows micron or nanometric fibers to be obtained through the simultaneous injection of the bark material through the transverse through hole of the bark connector and a gas under pressure through the gas supply line of the main support.
    [0057]
    [0058] The device of the invention may further include a core connector and a core material injection tube. The addition of these elements allows the device to form fibers formed by a core material externally surrounded by a shell material. Each of these elements is described in more detail below.
    [0059]
    [0060] d) Core connector
    [0061] The core connector is a part that comprises a through longitudinal cylindrical hole and is further configured for attachment to a rear portion of the through longitudinal hole of the shell connector.
    [0062]
    [0063] In principle, the fastening of the core connector to the shell connector can be carried out in any way known in the art as long as the fastening is sufficiently firm and further allows the core connector to be centered so that the longitudinal axis of its through longitudinal cylindrical bore essentially coincides with the longitudinal axis of the longitudinal through hole of the bark connector. For example, threaded joints, adhesives, additional fixing means such as screws, etc. can be used.
    [0064]
    [0065] More specifically, in a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the core connector and the rear portion of the longitudinal through hole of the shell connector are tapered, such that a front portion of the core connector fits into said rear portion of the longitudinal hole bark connector thru.
    [0066]
    [0067] e) Injection tube of core material
    [0068]
    [0069] The core material injection tube has a diameter less than the diameter of the shell material injection tube, and is configured to press-fit through the longitudinal through hole of the core connector. For this, the outside diameter of the shell material injection tube and the inside diameter of the cylindrical front portion of the through longitudinal hole of the shell connector are essentially the same. Thus, a front portion of said core material injection tube protrudes through a front end of said core connector.
    [0070]
    [0071] This configuration in which the core material injection tube is pressed through the through longitudinal cylindrical bore of the core connector is advantageous in that it allows the core material injection tube to be moved longitudinally forward or backward, so that it is possible to select the length that said core material injection tube protrudes from the front end of the core connector. This is important when configuring the fiber injection device as a whole, where the protruding length of the core injection tube relative to the injection pipes for gas or other shell material has an impact on how the fibers are formed. Therefore, being able to move the core injection tube longitudinally forward or backward gives the device of the invention greater versatility regarding the characteristics of the fibers created.
    [0072]
    [0073] On the other hand, note that, although in this document the core material injection tube is generally described as a separate element from the core connector, it would be possible to conceive of a core connector provided with a core material injection tube so that both form a single piece. The operation of the device would be the same, except that the versatility regarding the length that the core material injection tube protrudes beyond the front end of the core connector would be lost.
    [0074]
    [0075] Thus, when the core connector is attached to the rear portion of the longitudinal through hole of the shell connector, the core material injection tube is coaxial with the shell material injection tube, and when in addition the shell connector is fixed to the main support by pressing in the portion of the shell material injection tube protruding from the shell connector into the cylindrical rear portion of the through hole of the main support, the core material injection tube is also coaxial with the cylindrical front portion of the through hole of the main bracket. Thanks to this configuration, multi-component coaxial fibers are obtained through the simultaneous injection of the bark material through the transverse hole through the bark connector, of the core material through a rear end of the material injection tube. core, and a gas under pressure through the gas supply line of the main support.
    [0076]
    [0077] Naturally, a complete system for the creation of micrometric or nanometric fibers includes a series of additional elements to the described device, although these do not form part of the present invention. Specifically, the complete system comprises a compressor equipped with a manometer to supply the compressed gas by means of a hose that is connected through a suitable connection element to the mouth of the gas supply line. The system also includes one or two injectors of the material (s) that will form the fibers, depending on whether they are simple or composite, that are connected to one or both rear ends of the bark injection tubes and core. The system also includes a collector located in front of the front holes of the tubes and the through hole of the main support that receives the fibers projected by the device of the present invention.
    [0078]
    [0079] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
    [0080]
    [0081] Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal sectional view of an example of a shell connector according to the present invention.
    [0082]
    [0083] Fig. 2 shows a longitudinal sectional view of an example of a bark material injection tube according to the present invention.
    [0084]
    [0085] Figs. 3a and 3b show the shell material injection tube attached to the shell connector in two different positions.
    [0086]
    [0087] Figs. 4a and 4b show respective views of an example of main support according to the present invention.
    [0088]
    [0089] Fig. 5 shows an example of a device according to the present invention assembled according to a first configuration for creating simple fibers.
    [0090]
    [0091] Fig. 6 shows a longitudinal sectional view of an example of a core material injection tube according to the present invention.
    [0092]
    [0093] Fig. 7 shows a longitudinal sectional view of an example of a core material injection tube according to the present invention.
    [0094]
    [0095] Figs. 8a and 8b show the shell material injection tube attached to the shell connector at two different positions.
    [0096]
    [0097] Fig. 9. shows an example of a device according to the present invention assembled according to a second configuration for the creation of composite fibers formed by core and shell.
    [0098]
    [0099] Fig. 10 shows a cross-sectional detail of the discharge end of the second device configuration of the present invention.
    [0100] Fig. 11 shows a perspective longitudinal section detail of the hole of the main support and the core and shell injection tubes.
    [0101]
    [0102] Fig. 12 shows an overview of a nanometric or micrometer fiber generation system including a device according to the present invention.
    [0103]
    [0104] Figs. 13a-13c show enlarged optical images of examples of fibers composed of core and shell formed with the second configuration of the device of the invention.
    [0105]
    [0106] Figs. 14a-14c show enlarged optical images that make it possible to appreciate the structure of the fiber shell and core created with the second configuration of the device of the invention.
    [0107]
    [0108] Fig. 15 shows a STEM microscope image of another example of fiber created by the second configuration of the device of the invention formed by the shell and core.
    [0109]
    [0110] Figs. 16a-16c show macroscopic views of fibers created by the second configuration of the device of the invention using different gas pressures.
    [0111]
    [0112] PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
    [0113]
    [0114] The present invention is described below with reference to the attached figures. The configurations described in the figures are only examples, so it would be possible to implement the device of the invention using elements equivalent to those described here.
    [0115]
    [0116] Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section of the bark connector (2). In this example, the shell connector (2) has a conical outer shape and is provided with a longitudinal through hole (21) that has two clearly differentiated coaxial portions: a rear portion (21a) that is conical in shape; and a front portion (21b) having a cylindrical shape. As will be described in detail later, the conical shape of the rear portion (21a) of the longitudinal through hole (21) is designed to press-fit the core connector (5), while the cylindrical shape of the front portion ( 21b) of the longitudinal through hole (21) is designed for pressure coupling of the bark material injection tube (3). The bark connector (2) also has a transverse through hole (22) that goes through the partition that separates the inside of the longitudinal through hole (21) from the outside.
    [0117]
    [0118] Fig. 2 shows the bark material injection tube (3). It is a straight cylindrical tube that has a certain diameter, obviously within a micrometric or nanometric range that is usual in the field of fiber injection. For example, the diameter of the bark injection tube (3) may be within the range of about 0.04mm to 1.5mm.
    [0119]
    [0120] Figs. 3a and 3b show respective examples where these two elements, bark connector (2) and bark injection tube (3), are already coupled together. For this, it is only necessary to insert the bark material injection tube (3) in the cylindrical front portion (21b) of the longitudinal through hole (21) of the bark connector (2). For this, the diameter of said cylindrical front portion (21b) essentially coincides with the diameter of the bark injection tube (3). Thus, by applying a force in the longitudinal direction on the bark injection tube (3), it slides into said cylindrical front portion (21) of the longitudinal through hole (21). The bark injection tube (3) is thus firmly fixed to the bark connector (2).
    [0121]
    [0122] Thanks to this configuration, the user can modify the length according to which the injection tube (3) protrudes beyond the front end of the bark connector (2). As will be seen later, this is important to modify the characteristics of the fibers created. In this regard, note that the longitudinal displacement length of the bark injection tube (3) relative to the bark connector (2) is limited by because the rear end of the bark injection tube (3) must not protrude through the rear end of the bark connector (2), or more preferably should not reach a point that is much more backward than the transverse through hole (22), since this could hinder the flow of the bark material during the use of the device (1).
    [0123]
    [0124] Figs. 4a and 4b show an example of a main support (4) that is essentially parallelepiped shaped crossed by a through hole (41) which, in turn, has a cylindrical front portion (41a) and a cylindrical rear portion (41b) coaxial with that. Furthermore, the cylindrical front portion (41a) has a larger diameter than the cylindrical rear portion (41b). Additionally, like the cylindrical front portion (21 b) of the bark connector (2), the cylindrical rear portion (41b) of the through hole (41) has a diameter essentially the same as the diameter of the bark material injection tube (3). This makes it possible to press-fit said bark material injection tube (3) to the main support (4) simply by inserting its front end into the cylindrical rear portion (41b) of said through hole by applying a longitudinal force on it . The bark material injection tube (3) is thus firmly fixed to the main support (4).
    [0125]
    [0126] The main support (4) also has a gas supply duct (42) that has a cylindrical shape whose direction is essentially perpendicular to the direction of the through hole (41). Because of this, both intersect at an intermediate point of the main support (4) and the gas supply conduit (42) thus communicates with the cylindrical front portion (41a) of the through hole (41). This allows any pressurized gas supplied through the gas supply line (42) to reach the cylindrical front portion (41a) of the through hole (41) and be expelled through its front end.
    [0127]
    [0128] Fig. 5 shows a cross section of the device (1) of the invention according to a first configuration designed for the formation of single fibers.
    [0129]
    [0130] The device (1) is formed by coupling the shell connector (2), the shell material injection tube (3), and the main support (4). To do this, it is enough to insert a front portion of the bark injection tube (3) through the cylindrical rear portion (41b) of the through hole (41) of the main support (4). In this example, the tube (3) is arranged in a position in which its front end is flush with the front outlet end of the cylindrical front portion (41a) of said hole (41). However, depending on the needs of each application, it would be possible to modify this distance so that said front end of the injection tube (3) is located slightly more inward or outward in relation to said forward end of the portion cylindrical front (41a) of the hole (41). Note that, in any case, the bark material injection tube (3) is coaxial with the cylindrical front portion (41a) of the hole (41).
    [0131]
    [0132] Similarly, the rear portion of the bark injection tube (3) is inserted into the cylindrical front portion (21b) of the bark connector (2), taking care that the rear end of the bark injection tube (3) do not remain outside the longitudinal through hole (21) of said bark connector (2). In addition, and although it is not shown explicit in this document, in this first configuration of the device (1) it is understood that it would be necessary to cover the rear end of the conical rear portion (21a) by means of some type of shutter in order to avoid losses of the bark material fed through the transverse through hole (22).
    [0133]
    [0134] The operation of this first configuration of the device (1) of the invention would be essentially the following. Through a supply line (500) that comes from a first injector (300a), a material (M) of bark is introduced through the transverse through hole (22). The bark material (M) enters the tapered rear portion (21a) of the bark connector (2), enters through the rear end of the bark material injection tube (3) and is finally expelled through the front end of the bark injection tube (3). At the same time, a pressurized gas, usually air, from a compressor (100) fitted with a manometer (200) is applied to the supply duct (42) by means of a hose connected to the mouth of said duct (42). The pressurized air (A) passes through the supply duct (42), enters the front cylindrical portion (41a) of the through hole (41) through the main support (4), and finally exits under pressure through the shaped portion ring of said cylindrical front portion (41a) surrounding the tube (3) for injection of bark material. As is known, air (A) under pressure encapsulates the material (M) of the shell and facilitates the formation of nanometric or micrometric fibers. After a certain flight time, the fibers are collected by a collector (400).
    [0135]
    [0136] The bark material (M) can be any polymeric material commonly used in this field, although it is also possible to use other types of materials. Likewise, the gas under pressure can include not only air, but also nitrogen, helium, or others.
    [0137]
    [0138] As for materials, both the bark connector (2) and the tube (3) and the main support (4) can be made of a metallic, plastic, or other material, provided that said material supports the solvents normally used in this type of processes.
    [0139]
    [0140] Fig. 6 shows an example of core connector (5) according to the present invention. This connector has an externally conical shape that is designed to snap into the tapered rear portion (21a) of the longitudinal through hole (21) of the bark connector (2). In this way, not only is the connection between the core connector (5) and the shell connector (6) made, but also said connection is made so that both are coaxial. The core connector (5) also has a cylindrical longitudinal hole completely passing through (51), and as will be seen below is designed for coupling the core material injection tube (6).
    [0141]
    [0142] Fig. 6 shows an example of a core material injection tube (6). The core material injection tube (6) has a cylindrical shape with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the shell material injection tube (3). Furthermore, said diameter essentially coincides with the internal diameter of the through-cylindrical longitudinal hole (51) of the core connector (5), so that the core material injection tube (6) can be inserted longitudinally under pressure inside said longitudinal hole cylindrical through (51) of the core connector (5).
    [0143]
    [0144] Figs. 8a and 8b show two examples of an assembly formed by both elements interconnected in this way. As can be seen, applying sufficient force, it is possible to place the core material injection tube (6) in the most suitable position for each case with regard to the distance that the tube (6) protrudes through the front end of the core connector (5).
    [0145]
    [0146] Fig. 9 shows the device (1) of the invention assembled according to a second configuration designed for the formation of fibers formed by core and shell.
    [0147]
    [0148] Starting from the configuration shown in Fig. 5, it is only necessary to couple the assembly formed by the core connector (5) and the core material injection tube (6) shown in Figs. 8a and 8b with the bark connector (2). For this, a front portion of said core connector (5) is inserted into the conical rear portion (21a) of the longitudinal through hole (21) of the shell connector (2). The conical shapes of the core connector (5) and of said rear portion (21a) of the hole (21) are designed so that, by applying sufficient longitudinal pressure, both are fixed to each other. Furthermore, this union also ensures the coaxiality of both elements. Obviously, the connection is further designed so that the core connector (5) does not enter the shell connector (2) at such a distance that it can close the transverse through hole (22) of said shell connector (2).
    [0149]
    [0150] By performing the above coupling, the core injection tube (6) coaxially enters the shell injection tube (3). By appropriately selecting the position of the core injection tube (6) relative to the core connector (5), the front end of said core injection tube (6) will be flush with the leading outlet end of the front cylindrical portion (41a) of said hole (41), or something ahead of or behind it.
    [0151]
    [0152] Figs. 10 and 11 show the front end of the cylindrical front portion (41a) of the hole (41), the shell injection tube (3) and the core injection tube (6), which in this example are all flush. Specifically, Fig. 10 shows the dimensions of a particular example of this structure, where the core injection tube (5) has an internal diameter of 0.6000 mm, the shell material injection tube (3) has a internal diameter of 1.4000 mm, and the cylindrical front portion (41a) of the hole (41) has an internal diameter of 2.5000 mm. Since the thickness of both tubes (3, 5) is 0.2000 mm, it turns out that the width of the annular channel through which the bark material (Mc) is injected is 0.4000 mm and the width of the annular channel through which the air (A) is injected is 1,1000 mm.
    [0153]
    [0154] Thus, with reference to Figs. 2 and 12, the operation of this second configuration of the device (1) of the invention is as follows. The core material (Mn) from a second injector (300b) is introduced through the rear end of the core material injection tube (6). This core material (Mn) passes through said tube (6) and is ejected at its front end. At the same time, the bark material (Mc) is introduced through the transverse through hole (22) from a first injector (300a). This bark material (Mc) enters the bark material injection tube (3) and passes through it until it is expelled at its front end. And at the same time, a pressurized gas, usually air, from a compressor (100) equipped with a manometer (200) is applied to the supply duct (42) by means of a hose connected to the mouth of said duct (42) . The pressurized air (A) passes through the supply duct (42), enters the front cylindrical portion (41a) of the through hole (41) through the main support (4), and finally exits under pressure through the shaped portion ring of said cylindrical front portion (41a) surrounding the shell material injection tube (3) and also the core material injection tube (6) coaxial therewith. Thus, the core material (Mn) ejected from the end of the core material injection tube (3) remains in the center, the bark material (Mc) expelled from the end of the core injection tube (6). Crust material annularly surrounds said core material (Mn), and air (A) expelled by the cylindrical front portion (41a) from hole (41) surrounds said crust material (Mc). This structure allows the creation of fibers formed by core and bark that, after a certain flight time, are collected by a collector (400).
    [0155] Figs. 13a-13c are optical images of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) fibers with 1% by weight of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, MWCNT. A device (1) with the simple configuration of a single tube was used whose diameter was: (A) 0.6 mm, (B) 0.8 mm and (C) 1.2 mm.
    [0156]
    [0157] Figs. 14a and 14b show optical images at sufficient magnifications to observe the core-core structure of the multicomponent fibers formed by a device (1) according to the invention using ethylene oxide as core material (Mn) and polysulfone as material (Mc) of Cortex.
    [0158]
    [0159] Fig. 15 shows a STEM scanning transmission electron microscopy image, where the structure of one of the polysulfone-coated ethylene oxide coaxial fibers shown in Figs. 14a and 14b.
    [0160]
    [0161] Finally, Figs. 16a-16c show a macroscopic view of the formation of non-woven fibers using the device (1) of the invention when an air pressure of a) 0.5 bar, b) 1 bar, and c) 2 bar are applied.
    权利要求:
    Claims (4)
    [1]
    1. Device (1) for obtaining fibers of nanometric or micrometric diameter, characterized in that it comprises:
    - a bark connector (2) comprising a longitudinal through hole (21) and a transverse through hole (22), where the transverse through hole (22) communicates the longitudinal through hole (21) with the exterior of said connector (2 ) bark for feeding a bark material;
    - a bark material injection tube (3) configured to be pressed through a cylindrical front portion (21b) of the longitudinal through hole (21) of the bark connector (2) such that a front portion of said bark material injection tube (3) protrudes through a front end of said bark connector (2); and
    - a main support (4) comprising a through hole (41) having a cylindrical front portion (41a) and a cylindrical rear portion (41b) coaxial with the cylindrical front portion (41a), where the diameter of the front portion ( 41a) cylindrical is greater than the diameter of the cylindrical rear portion (41b), where the main support (4) further comprises a gas supply conduit (42) in communication with the cylindrical front portion (41a) of the hole (41) through, where the cylindrical rear portion (41b) of the through hole (41) is configured to press-fit the front portion of the shell material injection tube (3) protruding through the front end of the shell connector (2),
    so that, when the bark connector (2) is fixed to the main support (4) by pressing in the portion of the bark material injection tube (3) protruding from the bark connector (2) in the cylindrical rear portion (41b) of the through hole (41) through the main support (4), the front end of the bark material injection tube (3) is coaxial with the cylindrical front portion (41a) of the through hole (41) of the main support (4), allowing fibers to be obtained through the simultaneous injection of the bark material through the transverse through hole (22) of the bark connector (2) and a gas under pressure through the conduit (42) gas supply line of the main support (4).
    [2]
    2. Device (1) according to claim 1, further comprising:
    - a core connector (5) comprising a through longitudinal cylindrical hole (51), said core connector (5) being configured for fixing to a rear portion (21a) of the through longitudinal hole (21) of the connector (2) bark; and
    - a core material injection tube (6) having a diameter less than the diameter of the shell material injection tube (3), the core material injection tube (6) being configured to be inserted under pressure through the longitudinal through hole (51) of the core connector (5) such that a front portion of said core material injection tube (6) protrudes through a front end of said core connector (5);
    so that when the core connector (5) is fixed to the rear portion (21a) of the longitudinal through hole (21) of the shell connector (2), the core material injection tube (6) is coaxial with the bark material injection tube (3) and, when in addition the bark connector (2) is fixed to the main support (4) by pressing in the protruding bark material injection tube (3) portion. of the bark connector (2) in the cylindrical rear portion (41b) of the through hole (41) through the main support (4), the core material injection tube (6) is also coaxial with the cylindrical front portion (41a) of the through hole (41) of the main support (4), allowing obtaining multi-component coaxial fibers through the simultaneous injection of the bark material through the transverse through hole (22) of the bark connector (2), of the core material through an extr rear emo of the tube (6) for injection of core material, and of a gas pressurized through the gas supply line (42) of the main support (4).
    [3]
    Device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the core connector (5) and the rear portion (21a) of the longitudinal through hole (21) of the shell connector (2) are conical in shape, so that a front portion of the core connector (5) fits into said rear portion (21a) of the longitudinal through hole (21) of the shell connector (2).
    [4]
    Device (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the gas supply conduit (42) comprises a coupling mouth configured for fixing a gas supply hose.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2752882B2|2021-02-26|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US20060049542A1|2004-09-09|2006-03-09|Benjamin Chu|Apparatus for electro-blowing or blowing-assisted electro-spinning technology and process for post treatment of electrospun or electroblown membranes|
    US8641960B1|2009-09-29|2014-02-04|The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture|Solution blow spinning|
    WO2013122923A1|2012-02-13|2013-08-22|The University Of Akron|Methods and apparatus for the production of multi-component fibers|
    US20160157978A1|2014-12-05|2016-06-09|Ada Foundation|Material deposition device and method of use|
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